Mitochondrial apoptosis induced by Chamaemelum nobile extract in breast cancer cells

Chamaemelum nobile (Asteraceae) commonly known as ‹Roman chamomile› is a medicinal plant used for numerous diseases in traditional medicine, although its anticancer activity is unknown. The present study was carried out to investigate the anticancer as well as apoptotic activity of ethyl acetate fraction of C. nobile on different cancerous cell lines. The cells were treated with varying concentrations (0.001-0.25 mg/mL) of this fraction for 24, 48 and 72 h. Apoptosis induced in MCF-7 cells following treatment with ethyl acetate fraction was measured using Annexin V/PI, flowcytometry and western blotting analysis. The results showed that C. nobile ethyl acetate fraction revealed relatively high antiproliferative activity on MCF-7 cells; however, it caused minimal growth inhibitory response in normal cells. The involvement of apoptosis as a major cause of the fraction-induced cell death was confirmed by annexin-V/PI assay. In addition, ethyl acetate fraction triggered the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway by decreasing the Bcl-2 as well as increasing of Bax protein expressions and subsequently increasing Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Furthermore, decreased proliferation of MCF-7 cells in the presence of the fraction was associated with G2/M phase cell cycle arrest. These findings confirm that ethyl acetate fraction of C.nobile may contain a diversity of phytochemicals which suppress the proliferation of MCF-7 cells by inducing apoptosis. © 2016 by School of Pharmacy Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services

Evaluation of neural network based image super-resolution

Abstract. Super-resolution (SR) aims to produce a higher resolution image containing more details than the original image. The amount of pixels is easy to add with simple interpolation methods, but the amount of details does not increase. To overcome this limitation single image super-resolution (SISR) was introduced, which aims to recover the high-resolution (HR) image from the low-resolution (LR) images. Convolutional neural networks (CNN) have become an essential method in machine learning. With the growth of CNN, super-resolution solutions have grown immensely. In this work, a broad review is done on neural network methods designed for super-resolution. Four methods are chosen by their originality and different architectural choices, implemented in PyTorch framework. The models are already trained with public datasets, and the pre-trained models are used for the evaluation. The evaluation is done by analyzing the results with qualitative and quantitative methods. All the methods are tested with public datasets and a private dataset called Hiottu-1, including a wood surface images with different defect types. The evaluation is done based on their image quality and inference time. Peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and structural similarity index measure (SSIM) metrics are used for quality evaluation, and the inference time is measured by how fast the model generates the output result of test image. The chosen methods improved the image qualities of test images in each datasets. The best perfoming ones were swin image restoration (SwinIR) and pixel attention network (PAN) methods. SwinIR had better PSNR and SSIM values than PAN method and results were pealing to human eye. The inference time of SwinIR is slow, therefore the best possible application would be offline usage. The PAN method had impressing results and its inference time enables the real-time application usage. The SwinIR performed extremely well on Hiottu-1 dataset, with increasing the image quality of defect types and reducing noise overall. The PAN method got high metrics values on Hiottu-1 dataset, although the results were not as pealing as the SwinIR. In the wood manufacturing inspection side, the SwinIR could be utilized on slow production line with high defect detection accuracy, while the PAN method could be utilized on faster production line

Governance and success of university-industry collaborations on the basis of Ph.D. projects : an explorative study

Faced with ever-increasing pressure to innovate and perform, firms consider universities as a significant, external source of knowledge. There is a variety of ways through which such knowledge flow can take place, including academic publications, contract research, staff mobility and university patents and licenses, but also more collaborative modes such as joint research projects. This paper focuses on a specific – and promising – collaborative model, in which firms and universities are together involved in a Ph.D. project, carried out by a doctoral candidate. We model the relationship on the one hand on various aspects of governance, and the success of the collaboration on the other. Here, success is operationalized in a number of different ways, including the successful transfer, the application and the commercialization of knowledge. Our model was tested using a survey conducted at the Eindhoven University of Technology. We conclude that governance decisions have a significant impact on the ultimate success. Among other things, the choice of university supervisor plays a pivotal role. Moreover, success is more likely if there is joint decision-making by both university and partner on the content of the project, and communication between the Ph.D. candidate and their supervisor in the firm has a high frequency and quality. We believe our findings can help universities and firms to collaborate successfully

Estudy the Effect of Breast Cancer on Tlr2 Expression in Nb4 Cell

Background: Breast cancer is the most common neoplasm in women and the most frequent cause of death in those between 35 and 55 years of age. All multicellular organisms have an innate immune system, whereas the adaptive or 'acquired' immune system is restricted to vertebrates. This study focused on the effect of conditioned medium isolated from cultured breast cancer cells on NB4 neutrophil-like cells. Materials and Methods: In the current study neutrophil-like NB4 cells were incubated with MCF-7 cell-conditioned medium. After 6 h incubation the intracellular receptor TLR2, was analyzed. Results: The results revealed that MCF-7 cell-conditioned medium elicited expression of TLR2 in NB4 cells. Conclusions: This treatment would result in the production of particular stimulants (i.e. soluble cytokines), eliciting the expression of immune system receptors. Furthermore, the flow cytometry results demonstrated that MCF-7 cell-conditioned medium elicited an effect on TLR2 intracellular receptors

Peningkatan Aktivitas Murid dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia Menggunakan Pendekatan Kontekstual Kelas IV Sdn 22 Arak

Increased Activity Indonesian Students in Learning by Using Contextual Approach in Elementary School Fourth Grade 22 Arak Sintang . The purpose of this study is to describe the increase in activity in the learning Indonesian students use contextual approach . This study used a descriptive method .the research is a form of action research . This research was conducted for 3 cycles . The results of this study are as follows : baseline indicator of physical activity by 26.67 % , and the third cycle was 95.96 % . There is a difference of 69.29 % . Thus the rise of Physical Activity can be categorized as " High " . Baseline indicators of mental activity by 21.11 % , and the third cycle was 84.00 % . There is a difference of 62.89 % . Thus the increase in mental activity can be categorized as " High " . Baseline indicator of emotional activity of 23.33 % and the third cycle was 96.67 % . There is a difference of 73.34 %. Thus the increase in emotional activity can be categorized as High

Peningkatan Aktivitas Peserta Didik dalam Pembelajaran Sains Menggunakan Metode Demonstrasi Kelas IV Sdn 12

Abstark: Aktivitas fisik peserta didik dalam pembelajaran Sains dengan menggunakan metode demonstrasi kelas IV Sekolah Dasar Negeri 12 Sungai Ambawang telah mengalami peningkatan pada penelitian awal 17,78%, siklus 1 51,11%, siklus 2 62,22% dan siklus 3 93,33%. Terjadi peningkatan dari base line ke siklus 3 sebesar 75,55% dengan kategori tinggi. (2) Aktivitas mental peserta didik dalam pembelajaran Sains dengan menggunakan metode demonstrasi kelas IV Sekolah Dasar Negeri 12 Sungai Ambawang mengalami peningkatan dari base line 15,55%, siklus 1 42,22%, siklus 2 57,78%, siklus 3 88,89%, sehingga terjadi peningkatan dari baseline ke siklus 3 sebesar 73,34% dengan kategori tinggi. (3) Aktivitas emosional peserta didik dalam pembelajaran Sains dengan menggunakan metode demonstrasi kelas IV Sekolah Dasar Negeri 12 Sungai Ambawang mengalami peningkatan dari base line 17,78%, siklus 1 42,22%, siklus 2 60%, siklus 3 86,67%, sehingga terjadi peningkatan dari baseline ke siklus 3 sebesar 68,89% dengan kategori tinggi. Kata kunci : aktivitas,metode demonstrasi, sains Abstark: physical activity students in science learning by using the method of class iv state elementary schools 12 river ambawang has increased 17,78 % to early research, a 1 % 51,11 2 cycles cycle 93,33 62,22 % and 3 %.Increase from a line to a 3 % of 75,55 in the category of high.( 2 ) the mental students in science learning by using the method of class iv state elementary schools has increased from 12 river ambawang 15,55 % base line a 1 % 42,22 2 cycles 57,78 %, a 3 % 88,89 so there is an increase from the baseline in the cycle of 73,34 3 % in the highly. ( 3 ) activity emotional students in science learning by using the method of class iv state elementary schools has increased from 12 river ambawang 17,78 % base line a 1 % 42,22 2 cycles 60 %, a 3 % 86,67 so there is an increase from the baseline in the cycle of 68,89 3 % in the highly

Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Carboxymethyl Cellulose Sodium (Na-CMC) dari Selulosa Eceng Gondok (Eichhornia crassipes) dengan Media Reaksi Etanol-Isobutanol

Eceng gondok adalah salah satu tumbuhan bahan serat alam yang memiliki kandungan selulosa yang cukup tinggi. Kadar selulosa yang tinggi dapat digunakan dalam pembuatan Karboksimetil Selulosa Sodium (Na-CMC). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah: untuk mengetahui karakteristik Karboksimetil Selulosa Sodium (Na-CMC) dari tanaman eceng gondok. dan mendapatkan variasi media reaksi terbaik dalam proses sintesis. Penelitian ini terdiri dari tiga tahap yaitu tahap pertama ekstraksi selulosa yang terdiri dari (dewaxing, dehemisellulose dan bleaching), tahap kedua yaitu tahap sintesis yang terdiri dari tahap pencampuran menggunakan media reaksi etanol-isobutanol (20:80, 50 : 50, 80:20). Tahap alkalisasi menggunakan NaOH 10% b / v, tahap karboksimetilasi menggunakan ClCH2COONa. Tahap ketiga adalah karakterisasi CMC yang terdiri dari uji organoleptik, sifat fisikokimia (pH, susut pengeringan sampel, viskositas dan derajat substitusi), uji kadar NaCl, uji kemurnian, analisis FT-IR. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa karakteristik CMC mendekati karakteristik standar Na-CMC dengan campuran media reaksi etanol-isobutanol 20:80 (v / v) dengan nilai DS 0,8560, kemurnian 93,7463% level, pH 6,5 dan viskositas. 302 cP